The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias manifesting in two principal ways: unskilled individuals tend to suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly rating their ability much higher than is accurate, while highly skilled individuals tend to rate their ability lower than is accurate. In unskilled individuals, this bias is attributed to a metacognitive inability to recognize their ineptitude. Conversely, highly skilled individuals tend to erroneously assume that tasks which are easy for them are also easy for others, thereby underestimating their relative competence.
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